Q:-WHAT ARE THE ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS AT THE IMO WITH RESPECT TO THE TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES TO BE INVOKED ON BOARD SHIPS FOR COMBATING GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS?
Answer :-
TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES FOR SHIPS
In recent years, discussions at IMO have resulted in the development of technical (the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) )and operational measures for ships (the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)), that have the broad and support of Governments, industry associations and organizations representing civil society interests. All are united in the same purpose: to ensure that the EEDI and SEEMP deliver environmental effectiveness by generating, through enhanced energy efficiency measures, significant reductions in GHG emissions from international shipping.
Technical( EEDI ) related measures.
The EEDI establishes a minimum energy efficiency requirement for new ships
depending on ship type and size and is a robust mechanism to increase the energy efficiency
of ships step-wise for many decades to come.
1 Optimised hull dimensions and form :- Ship design for efficiency via choice of main dimensions (port and canal restrictions) and hull forms.
2 Lightweight construction :-New lightweight ship construction material.
3 Hull coating:-Use of advanced hull coatings/paints.
4 Hull air lubrication system:- Air cavity via injection of air under/around the hull to reduce wet surface and thereby ship resistance.
5 Optimisation of propeller-hull interface and flow devices:-Propeller-hull-rudder design optimisation plus relevant changes to ship’s aft body.
6 Contra-rotating propeller:- Two propellers in series; rotating at different direction.
7 Engine efficiency improvement :-De-rating, long-stroke, electronic injection, variable geometry turbocharging, etc.
8 Waste heat recovery :-Main and auxiliary engines’ exhaust gas waste heat recovery and conversion to electric power.
9 Gas fuelled (LNG):-Natural gas fuel and dual fuel engines.
10 Hybrid electric power and propulsion concepts:-For some ships, the use of electric or hybrid would be more efficient.
11 Reducing on-board power demand:- (auxiliary system and hotel loads).Maximum heat recovery and minimising required electrical loads flexible power solutions and power management.
12 Variable speed drive for pumps,fans, etc.:-Use of variable speed electric motors for control of rotating flow machinery leads to significant reduction in their energy use.
13 Wind power (sail, wind engine, etc.) :-Sails, fletnner rotor, kites, etc. These are considered as emerging technologies.
14 Solar power:- Solar photovoltaic cells.
15 Design speed reduction (new builds) :- Reducing design speed via choice of lower power or derated engines.
The SEEMP provides an approach for monitoring ship and fleet efficiency performance over time and forces the responsible persons and entities to consider new technologies and practices when seeking to optimize the performance of the ship . The SEEMP will assist the shipping industry in achieving this potential.
1 Engine tuning and monitoring :-Engine operational performance and condition optimisation.
2 Hull condition :-Hull operational fouling and damage avoidance.
3 Propeller condition :-Propeller operational fouling and damage avoidance.
4 Reduced auxiliary power :-Reducing the electrical load via machinery operation and power management.
5 Speed reduction (operation) :-Operational slow steaming.
6 Trim/draft:- Trim and draft monitoring and optimisation.
7 Voyage execution:- Reducing port times, waiting times, etc. and increasing the passage time, just in time arrival.
8 Weather routing :-Use of weather routing services to avoid rough seas and head currents, to optimize voyage efficiency.
9 Advanced hull coating :-Re-paint using advanced paints.
10 Propeller upgrade and aft body flow devices :- Propeller and after-body retrofit for optimisation. Also, addition of flow improving devices (e.g. duct and fins).
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